Online Streaming And Social Media - 10201 Words

ONLINE STREAMING IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND BROADCASTERS’ RIGHTS STUDENT ID: 140494332 8/3/2015 SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR GUIDO WESTKAMP Word Count: 14900 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Social media and emerging applications 4 1.2. Broadcasters’ concerns over emerging social media applications 5 1.3. Consideration of public freedoms within broadcasters’ rights 7 2. SCOPE OF RIGHTS OF BROADCASTING ORGANISATIONS 8 2.1. Protection under international conventions 8 2.1.1. 1961 Rome Convention 9 2.1.2. 1974 Brussels Satellite Convention 10 2.1.3. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 11 2.1.4. WIPO Treaties 12 2.2 Protection under European Union legislation 12 2.2.1. Satellite and Cables Directive (93/83/EEC) 13 2.2.2. Information Society Directive (2001/29/EC) 14 3. WBT AND BROADCASTER RIGHTS 17 3.1. Right of reproduction and retransmission 19 3.2. Rights over communication to public† and â€Å"making available† 20 4. PROTECTED SUBJECT MATTER IN WBT 21 5. RIGHT OF COMMUNICATION AND MAKING AVAILABLE IN WBT 24 5.1. Communication to public right under international and EU law 25 5.2. Making available to public right under EU law 26 5.2.1 Defining public under the right of communication to public 27 5.2.3 Defining interactivity under the right of communication to public 28 6. IMPACT OF WBT OVER EMERGING SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS 30 6.1. Does WBT extends protection over on-demand services? 31 6.2. Does WBT extend rights overShow MoreRelatedThe Growth Of The Internet1030 Words   |  5 Pagesa positive effect on various aspects of human activities ranging from professional life to social life. More people are having access to the internet with time and the products and services offered through the internet are increasing. Online streaming is one of the services that have experienced a surge because of improved quality and access to the internet. 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Being able to attend the funeral virtually thanks to funeral streaming has been very convenient for many. Ten years ago online funeral streaming wasn’t as popular as it is today (Walter, Hourizi, Moncur, Pitsillides, (2011). People and funeral homes were sticking to the traditional funeral and weren’t interested in doing anything that wasn’t traditionalRead MoreEssay1381 Words   |  6 PagesAndroutsopoulos, J. (2014). Languaging when contexts collapse: Audience design in social networking. Discourse, Context Media, 4(Supplement C), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2014.08.006 This research examines language choice in social networking interactions and how language choice is examined in this setting. The research explains that through various social channels individuals are networked, or connected together, and multilingual individuals can experience a â€Å"context collapse.† ItRead MoreAn Overview On Modern Day Entertainment1409 Words   |  6 Pagesentertainment. 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Ecofeminism Essay - 1217 Words

Today, we live in a world interwoven with womens oppression, ecological degradation, and the exploitation of workers, race, and class. In the midst of these troubles, a movement known as ecofeminism appears to be gaining recognition. In the following, I hope to illustrate this revitalization movement . I will begin by characterizing a definition of ecofeminism; I will then bring to the forefront the ethical issues that Ecofeminism is involved with, then distinguish primary ideas and criticisms. Though in theory, ecological feminism has been around for a number of years, it emerged as a political movement in the 1970s. Francoise dEaubonne, a French feminist philosopher, coined the term Ecofeminism in 1974. Ecofeminism is a feminist†¦show more content†¦Patriarchal views privilege masculine over feminine, reason over emotion, competition over cooperation and force over empathy. The Ecofeminist believes it to be evident in our world that these aforementioned dichotomies are abetting to a world lacking in equilibrium. Because we value terms like ‘progress, ‘competition, as well as ‘economic and technological growth over language such as ‘contemplation, ‘cooperation and ‘inner growth. Our western society has become a globalized world of high technology. There appears to be no ability to see beyond, to see what we have encased ourselves in; an artificial environment that has remarkably replaced the original, nature itself. We do not live with nature; we live above it, off it. I find it to be rather paradoxical that nature can exist and has existed without humans, but humans cannot exist without nature. Nature has become merely a resource to sustain our artificial environment. I will exemplify certain dichotomies that support the aforementioned conceptual framework. Reason vs. Emotion Culture vs. Nature Scientific vs. Mystical Rational vs . Intuitive Hierarchy vs. Circle Masculine vs. Female Ecofeminists challenge the patriarchal conceptual framework and the accompanying dualistic thinking. Ecofeminism seeks to create a convergence between masculine entities or energy (rational thinking,Show MoreRelatedTheories and Development of Ecofeminism Essay2603 Words   |  11 PagesEcofeminism Ecofeminism is an environmental movement, born in the late 1970s and early 1980s, from the necessity to give the possibility to women to have an active participation in ecological issues. In the West, gender and environment are the main topics of a large literature, which relate these two elements in ideological terms. 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The final part of this essay will analyze: Starhawks The Spiral Dance, Witchcraft as Goddess Religion, The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and the Descent of Inanna and examine the pros and cons of the position that a return to goddess worship would save ourRead MoreAnalysis Of Ecofeminism In Nausica Valley Of The Wind873 Words   |  4 Pages One specific movement, ecofeminism, is represented in Nausicaa: Valley of the Wind. The movie pushes and pulls ideas of ecofeminism by using feminine woman characters in dynamic ways and contrasting humans’ relationships with nature and how they utilize it. This provides context that examines how the women figures in Miyazaki’s work connects to nature and how both are affected by a male-centered society. 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Tesco Fresh and Easy Free Essays

I believe Tesco: â€Å"Fresh Easy† Supermarkets will be successful. The Fresh Easy name signals the two things it wants shoppers to think of it for: freshness and convenience (Horovitz, 2007). Tesco constantly re-enforces this message on the Fresh Easy Homepage; people want fresh and healthy food choices; they want things to be easy, Tesco provided just that with its line of supermarkets. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Fresh and Easy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tesco supermarkets found a niche that United States retailers had not focused on, convenient fast access to fresh, healthy cost affordable natural foods. It is something many Americans have waited years for. As well as being marketed as a Fresh Easy supermarket, it is also marketed as an energy efficient organization which in this age of energy and resource conservation adds to its appeal. The supermarkets utilize efficient equipment in their stores and operations (Recruiting, 2007). Stores are designed to use 30% less energy than typical grocery stores its size, and recycling is a priority. Fresh Easy has been a savior tenant for many developers, eating up 14,000 square foot chunks of old space and dark drug stores (Retail, 2009). Its entrance into the United States was the first time Tesco entered a country without a supercenter format. Tesco did not want to become like Wal-Mart. Tesco launched its United States Operations with a small format neighborhood grocery store under the Fresh Easy name to differentiate its brand from its competitors. The supermarkets are relatively small, at about 10,000 square foot. Fresh Easy stores target customers in low to middle income locations. Tesco is betting that there is a demand for smaller stores closer to home with fewer products, making it easier to find things. The stores are placed near public transportation. Many of them are near or inside underground and railway stations, making it easy for commuters to pop into a store and grab a meal on their way home. Their advertising campaign includes references to environmentally friendly packaging and food free of artificial colors, flavors, and trans fats. The chains buy no TV or newspaper ads. When it enters a market, it mails $5 coupons to area residents. The stores are stocked with big names and in-house brands and offer more prepared entrees and side dishes than typical supermarkets (Semeuls, 2007). Their specialty is in prepared but not frozen foods, everything looks fresh. Everything is nicely repackaged in friendly pastel colors, simple graphics, and lowercase fonts. The stores are not over whelming. They look more modern and sophisticated than most supermarkets. The isles are wide and signs are clearly written. There is bright lighting and an uncluttered feel. Fruits and vegetables are neatly presented. There is an unexpectedly low price on items. Focusing primarily on California at this point, Fresh Easy is approaching the market as a â€Å"critical mass† store strategy in California, Arizona and Nevada. This strategy is to locate a â€Å"critical mass† of stores in a given region, similar to the Starbucks’ Walgreens’ strategy (Fresh, 2008). In doing this, consumer awareness is increased and marketing and advertising costs leveraged. From a positioning standpoint, it attempts to become the logical or defacto neighborhood grocer in the region, in part by virtue of having so many stores in the area (Fresh, 2008). The advancement of web based information technology has been an important catalyst for the recent proliferation of distribution sales channels in food retailing. Although multiple channels enable companies to reach consumers faster and in different market segments, they pose challenges to include channel conflict and pricing policy for the different channels. This could benefit consumers by companies having to reduce prices to stay competitive. American supermarkets have concentrated mainly on trying to make cost out of their supply chains. Goods are moved hundreds of miles to keep them cheap. This has encouraged supermarkets to make two sorts of foods: long lasting i. e. ried, canned, frozen, or otherwise preserved and that which is prepared from raw ingredients on site. British food retailers because stores can be so small that they have to switch from selling sandwiches at lunchtime to selling readymade suppers in the afternoon specialize in regular frequent deliveries to city stores. Their supply chains are more sophisticated. Tesco is an innovator with its supply chain. Tesco built a distribution center. Coupled with partner Wild Rocket Foods, Tesco selected U. S. produce vendors as suppliers. Tesco utilizes trucks with hybrid refrigeration vector units with internal partitions for frozen, chilled and ordinary goods. All Fresh Easy trailers include automatic refrigeration shut-off when optimum temperature is reached inside the cooling chamber as well as a complete engine shut-off once parked at the stores. Electrical stand-by technology minimizes the impact on the environment by using no fuel to run refrigeration units on the trailers while parked at the distribution center. Tesco could replace three deliveries with one. This makes it possible to sell groceries profitably in small stores at supermarket prices. Tesco makes fresh and easy available to the customers, but they also made the customers part of the solution to success. The Tesco scheme mails discount vouchers to customers encouraging them to return. It tracks every purchase to build one of the world’s largest databases. This finds correlations between purchases allowing Tesco to finely tune the product range in each store. I would venture to say that Tesco is on the right track to success with its wide mix of fresh food that is highly customer oriented and very accessible. With the stores in local neighborhoods and at very user friendly cost, these neighborhood targeted stores will succeed. . References Freshandeasy. com (2008). Freshandeasy. com. Viewed at freshandeasy. com February 19, 2009. Fresh Easy Buzz. (2008, March 8). Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. freashneasybuzz. blogspot. com. Horovitz, Bruce (2007 November 08). British grocery chain hits America with fresh ideas. Retrieved February 19, 2009 from https://www. usatoday. com. Recruiting trail at Fresh Easy. 2007, July 22). Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. freshandeasy. com/blog/2007/07/recruiting-trail-at-fresh-easy. html Semuels, Alana. ( November 9, 2007). British food it’s not shoppers find fresh easy a blend of trader joe’s and Ralphs. Retrieved February 17, 2009 from http://articles. latimes. com/2007/nov/09/business/fi-tesco9 RetailChatr; Fresh Easy changing strategy. (2009, February 04). Retrieved February 17, 2009, from http://www. retailc hatr. com/2009/02/04/fresh-easy-changing-strategy How to cite Tesco Fresh and Easy, Papers

Shakespeares comedy Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares comedy Essay Shakespeares comedy The Taming of the Shrew shows the two sisters, Katherine and Bianca, as complete contrasts to eachother. He uses various techniques to achieve this effect. Many of these techniques are the same for both sisters; however their outcomes are different, therefore creating two completely different characters.  We first see some of these techniques in action in Act I scene 1 when Kate and Bianca are first introduced. Our perception of the sisters is formed by what the men say about them and to them. Baptista, Kate and Biancas father, tries to persuade Gremio and Hortensio, Biancas suitors, to woo Kate, as she has no suitors yet. Gremios first comments on Kate paint a picture of her in our minds, To cart her rather! Shes too rough for me. Already we have a bad first impression of her and it becomes worse when Hortensio insults her, No mates for you unless you were of gentler, milder mould. These nasty comments show that the men are scared of her and obviously dont think she is marriage material. Kate then says marriage is the last thing on her mind and wittily thinks of a comeback, to comb your noddle with a three-legged stool. She threatens to hit him with a piece of furniture. It is now clear in our minds that Kate is obviously the Shrew. In contrast to Kate, however, Bianca is presented as very different. When we hear how the men speak of Bianca it is in an entirely different way. Everything said about her is not only flattering but elevates her; men worship her like a goddess, the love I bear my sweat Bianca. She acts sweetly in front of her father. This is a technique that is used to carry on the theme of deception and disguise used throughout the play. When told to go inside she does, Go in, Bianca. When given instructions she obeys. When Men speak to her they are polite and courteous, madam, my instruments in tune. She is seen as the perfect woman of Elizabethan times where as Kate is seen as the woman of today, much more independent and stands up for what she believes in. But she is seen as absolutely dreadful in Elizabethan times. By the end of act I scene 1 Shakespeare has used the same techniques to present the sisters but their behaviour, language and attitude are perceived as complete contrasts. Kate is seen as a shrew. She is feared and appears depressed. Bianca is pictured as the ideal woman, worshipped and adored throughout Padua. Shakespeare brings us back to the sisters in act II scene 1. This is a crucial part in the play as it is the only scene that presents Kate and Bianca alone with no one else around. You could say this is the ideal moment for Shakespeare to show their true colours. Kate has tied up Bianca and is trying to get who she likes most out of her suitors out of her. This confirms her shrewish character with the violence and aggressiveness she shows, Minion, thou liest!. Bianca this time, however, is not the kind hearted, mild, polite woman we thought she was; she is now not being watched by men so her real character shines through. She is smug to Kate, I know my duty, and this would annoy Kate putting her in her place. Bianca talks most out of the two sisters, which is unusual for her as we have already seen she does not talk much and only when spoken to. But what is most interesting is the fact that when Baptista enters the room Bianca starts to cry and shuts up immediately. This is reinforced when Kate says, Her silence flouts me. This may mean that Kate knows the real Bianca that may not be what we first thought. We dont only see a change in Biancas character but also Kates. We believed before that Kate didnt care what anyone thought of her but now this may not be the case, What will you not suffer me? Nay, now I see she is your treasure. This shows Kate may actually have feelings under her hard strong independent exterior, as Kate is upset that Baptista favours Bianca. .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .postImageUrl , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:hover , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:visited , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:active { border:0!important; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:active , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Sympathy for MacbethKate is wooed by Petruchio later in act II scene 1. Once Petruchios character is established in detail he goes off to woo Katherine the Curst. There is a verbal battle between them, Asses are made to bear, and so are you. Kates witty, raucous, sexual, aggressive side is shown here. Kate wins the battles between them but ultimately loses the war as Petruchio reveals to Kate that  her father has already agreed the dowry (sum of money) needed for their marriage. Bianca is wooed in Act III scene 1. She quickly takes charge, Ill not be tied to hours nor pointed times, and allows Lucentio and Hortensio to woo her, here sit we down. She allows this even though her father forbids it. We see a few new attributes come through in Biancas character. She appears not as obedient and also not as submissive, revealing to the audience that what we saw earlier in the play of Bianca was misleading. Farewell, sweet masters both, I must be gone, says Bianca at the end of her wooing scene. She comes across to be flirting with them, but she is not interested in either of them and is confusing them. Shakespeare uses this as a technique by way of what others think about Bianca. After Pertruchio and Kates wedding, Petruchio is beating his servant. Kate prays that Petruchio stops this violent act, Patience, I pray you. Twas a fault unwilling. This also shows a new character for Kate becoming weaker and having to beg which we have never seen before in her. Shakespeare continually switches between the two sisters which enables the audience to compare and contrast their developments as people. It is as if he is presenting them side by side. Bianca, now showing signs of deception and deviousness, is also becoming more dominant. Kate, now talks a lot less of her opinions and speaks when spoken to and is also showing signs of sympathy towards others. Now by act IV Kate appears to be tamed, I pray you, husband, be not so disquiet. The meat was well, if you were so contented. But it makes the audience wonder, is she really tamed or has she just learned how to play petruchios game? In act V Bianca and Lucentio have sneaked to get married against both their fathers wishes. At the banquet in scene 2, when Bianca joins in the conversation she is rude and also is out of tune with the high-class setting, Head and Butt!. She has obviously changed from the worshipped goddess she was to a confident woman who makes smutty puns which were not acceptable to the Elizabethan audience. The real change in the sisters characters is clearly noticed at the end of the play. The sisters are chatting with Hortensios wife. The 3 husbands; Petruchio, Lucentio and Hortensio set a wager for whose wife would come to them if called. Lucentio goes first and sends Biondello to, bid your mistress come to me. Bianca does not return with Biondello which must shock the audience as they believed she was obedient. Hortensio goes next and once again his wife does not return to him. Finally Petruchio confidently, commands, Kate to come. She returns almost immediately which blatantly shows her new character lifting the audiences opinion of her and lowering theirs of Bianca. Kate then fetches her sister after being told to by her husband. She also speaks much politer and poetically, A woman moved is like a fountain troubled. While Bianca speaks in a way that would have shocked the Elizabethan audience, The more fool you for laying on my duty. Lucentios attitude also changed due to his embarrassment, But a harsh hearing when women are forward. Shakespeare is using the same techniques in this scene as he did in the opening scene to present the two sisters, however this time Bianca is seen as the shrew whereas Kate is seen as the perfect wife. .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .postImageUrl , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:hover , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:visited , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:active { border:0!important; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:active , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analyse sonnet 18, 130, 55 by William Shakespeare and 'Strugnells sonnet' by Wendy Cope EssayNow at the end of the play Kate is perceived as the ideal woman; she is obedient, fetching her sister, and submissive, she comes when called. Her language is also much more polite and refined which nicely complements her calmer personality. Bianca is now much more shrewish than she was at the start of the play. The deception and disguise through out the play has played a big part with Bianca as now we see her true colours. She also appears to have no conscience for what she has done. Shakespeare has used techniques like how the sisters behave, speak and react to show their characte rs but also hes used other peoples perceptions of the sisters to round up their full characters, therefore effectively presenting Katherine and Bianca.