Online Streaming And Social Media - 10201 Words

ONLINE STREAMING IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND BROADCASTERS’ RIGHTS STUDENT ID: 140494332 8/3/2015 SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR GUIDO WESTKAMP Word Count: 14900 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Social media and emerging applications 4 1.2. Broadcasters’ concerns over emerging social media applications 5 1.3. Consideration of public freedoms within broadcasters’ rights 7 2. SCOPE OF RIGHTS OF BROADCASTING ORGANISATIONS 8 2.1. Protection under international conventions 8 2.1.1. 1961 Rome Convention 9 2.1.2. 1974 Brussels Satellite Convention 10 2.1.3. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 11 2.1.4. WIPO Treaties 12 2.2 Protection under European Union legislation 12 2.2.1. Satellite and Cables Directive (93/83/EEC) 13 2.2.2. Information Society Directive (2001/29/EC) 14 3. WBT AND BROADCASTER RIGHTS 17 3.1. Right of reproduction and retransmission 19 3.2. Rights over communication to public† and â€Å"making available† 20 4. PROTECTED SUBJECT MATTER IN WBT 21 5. RIGHT OF COMMUNICATION AND MAKING AVAILABLE IN WBT 24 5.1. Communication to public right under international and EU law 25 5.2. Making available to public right under EU law 26 5.2.1 Defining public under the right of communication to public 27 5.2.3 Defining interactivity under the right of communication to public 28 6. IMPACT OF WBT OVER EMERGING SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS 30 6.1. Does WBT extends protection over on-demand services? 31 6.2. Does WBT extend rights overShow MoreRelatedThe Growth Of The Internet1030 Words   |  5 Pagesa positive effect on various aspects of human activities ranging from professional life to social life. More people are having access to the internet with time and the products and services offered through the internet are increasing. Online streaming is one of the services that have experienced a surge because of improved quality and access to the internet. 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Being able to attend the funeral virtually thanks to funeral streaming has been very convenient for many. Ten years ago online funeral streaming wasn’t as popular as it is today (Walter, Hourizi, Moncur, Pitsillides, (2011). People and funeral homes were sticking to the traditional funeral and weren’t interested in doing anything that wasn’t traditionalRead MoreEssay1381 Words   |  6 PagesAndroutsopoulos, J. (2014). Languaging when contexts collapse: Audience design in social networking. Discourse, Context Media, 4(Supplement C), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2014.08.006 This research examines language choice in social networking interactions and how language choice is examined in this setting. The research explains that through various social channels individuals are networked, or connected together, and multilingual individuals can experience a â€Å"context collapse.† ItRead MoreAn Overview On Modern Day Entertainment1409 Words   |  6 Pagesentertainment. 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Ecofeminism Essay - 1217 Words

Today, we live in a world interwoven with womens oppression, ecological degradation, and the exploitation of workers, race, and class. In the midst of these troubles, a movement known as ecofeminism appears to be gaining recognition. In the following, I hope to illustrate this revitalization movement . I will begin by characterizing a definition of ecofeminism; I will then bring to the forefront the ethical issues that Ecofeminism is involved with, then distinguish primary ideas and criticisms. Though in theory, ecological feminism has been around for a number of years, it emerged as a political movement in the 1970s. Francoise dEaubonne, a French feminist philosopher, coined the term Ecofeminism in 1974. Ecofeminism is a feminist†¦show more content†¦Patriarchal views privilege masculine over feminine, reason over emotion, competition over cooperation and force over empathy. The Ecofeminist believes it to be evident in our world that these aforementioned dichotomies are abetting to a world lacking in equilibrium. Because we value terms like ‘progress, ‘competition, as well as ‘economic and technological growth over language such as ‘contemplation, ‘cooperation and ‘inner growth. Our western society has become a globalized world of high technology. There appears to be no ability to see beyond, to see what we have encased ourselves in; an artificial environment that has remarkably replaced the original, nature itself. We do not live with nature; we live above it, off it. I find it to be rather paradoxical that nature can exist and has existed without humans, but humans cannot exist without nature. Nature has become merely a resource to sustain our artificial environment. I will exemplify certain dichotomies that support the aforementioned conceptual framework. Reason vs. Emotion Culture vs. Nature Scientific vs. Mystical Rational vs . Intuitive Hierarchy vs. Circle Masculine vs. Female Ecofeminists challenge the patriarchal conceptual framework and the accompanying dualistic thinking. Ecofeminism seeks to create a convergence between masculine entities or energy (rational thinking,Show MoreRelatedTheories and Development of Ecofeminism Essay2603 Words   |  11 PagesEcofeminism Ecofeminism is an environmental movement, born in the late 1970s and early 1980s, from the necessity to give the possibility to women to have an active participation in ecological issues. In the West, gender and environment are the main topics of a large literature, which relate these two elements in ideological terms. 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The final part of this essay will analyze: Starhawks The Spiral Dance, Witchcraft as Goddess Religion, The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and the Descent of Inanna and examine the pros and cons of the position that a return to goddess worship would save ourRead MoreAnalysis Of Ecofeminism In Nausica Valley Of The Wind873 Words   |  4 Pages One specific movement, ecofeminism, is represented in Nausicaa: Valley of the Wind. The movie pushes and pulls ideas of ecofeminism by using feminine woman characters in dynamic ways and contrasting humans’ relationships with nature and how they utilize it. This provides context that examines how the women figures in Miyazaki’s work connects to nature and how both are affected by a male-centered society. 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Tesco Fresh and Easy Free Essays

I believe Tesco: â€Å"Fresh Easy† Supermarkets will be successful. The Fresh Easy name signals the two things it wants shoppers to think of it for: freshness and convenience (Horovitz, 2007). Tesco constantly re-enforces this message on the Fresh Easy Homepage; people want fresh and healthy food choices; they want things to be easy, Tesco provided just that with its line of supermarkets. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Fresh and Easy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tesco supermarkets found a niche that United States retailers had not focused on, convenient fast access to fresh, healthy cost affordable natural foods. It is something many Americans have waited years for. As well as being marketed as a Fresh Easy supermarket, it is also marketed as an energy efficient organization which in this age of energy and resource conservation adds to its appeal. The supermarkets utilize efficient equipment in their stores and operations (Recruiting, 2007). Stores are designed to use 30% less energy than typical grocery stores its size, and recycling is a priority. Fresh Easy has been a savior tenant for many developers, eating up 14,000 square foot chunks of old space and dark drug stores (Retail, 2009). Its entrance into the United States was the first time Tesco entered a country without a supercenter format. Tesco did not want to become like Wal-Mart. Tesco launched its United States Operations with a small format neighborhood grocery store under the Fresh Easy name to differentiate its brand from its competitors. The supermarkets are relatively small, at about 10,000 square foot. Fresh Easy stores target customers in low to middle income locations. Tesco is betting that there is a demand for smaller stores closer to home with fewer products, making it easier to find things. The stores are placed near public transportation. Many of them are near or inside underground and railway stations, making it easy for commuters to pop into a store and grab a meal on their way home. Their advertising campaign includes references to environmentally friendly packaging and food free of artificial colors, flavors, and trans fats. The chains buy no TV or newspaper ads. When it enters a market, it mails $5 coupons to area residents. The stores are stocked with big names and in-house brands and offer more prepared entrees and side dishes than typical supermarkets (Semeuls, 2007). Their specialty is in prepared but not frozen foods, everything looks fresh. Everything is nicely repackaged in friendly pastel colors, simple graphics, and lowercase fonts. The stores are not over whelming. They look more modern and sophisticated than most supermarkets. The isles are wide and signs are clearly written. There is bright lighting and an uncluttered feel. Fruits and vegetables are neatly presented. There is an unexpectedly low price on items. Focusing primarily on California at this point, Fresh Easy is approaching the market as a â€Å"critical mass† store strategy in California, Arizona and Nevada. This strategy is to locate a â€Å"critical mass† of stores in a given region, similar to the Starbucks’ Walgreens’ strategy (Fresh, 2008). In doing this, consumer awareness is increased and marketing and advertising costs leveraged. From a positioning standpoint, it attempts to become the logical or defacto neighborhood grocer in the region, in part by virtue of having so many stores in the area (Fresh, 2008). The advancement of web based information technology has been an important catalyst for the recent proliferation of distribution sales channels in food retailing. Although multiple channels enable companies to reach consumers faster and in different market segments, they pose challenges to include channel conflict and pricing policy for the different channels. This could benefit consumers by companies having to reduce prices to stay competitive. American supermarkets have concentrated mainly on trying to make cost out of their supply chains. Goods are moved hundreds of miles to keep them cheap. This has encouraged supermarkets to make two sorts of foods: long lasting i. e. ried, canned, frozen, or otherwise preserved and that which is prepared from raw ingredients on site. British food retailers because stores can be so small that they have to switch from selling sandwiches at lunchtime to selling readymade suppers in the afternoon specialize in regular frequent deliveries to city stores. Their supply chains are more sophisticated. Tesco is an innovator with its supply chain. Tesco built a distribution center. Coupled with partner Wild Rocket Foods, Tesco selected U. S. produce vendors as suppliers. Tesco utilizes trucks with hybrid refrigeration vector units with internal partitions for frozen, chilled and ordinary goods. All Fresh Easy trailers include automatic refrigeration shut-off when optimum temperature is reached inside the cooling chamber as well as a complete engine shut-off once parked at the stores. Electrical stand-by technology minimizes the impact on the environment by using no fuel to run refrigeration units on the trailers while parked at the distribution center. Tesco could replace three deliveries with one. This makes it possible to sell groceries profitably in small stores at supermarket prices. Tesco makes fresh and easy available to the customers, but they also made the customers part of the solution to success. The Tesco scheme mails discount vouchers to customers encouraging them to return. It tracks every purchase to build one of the world’s largest databases. This finds correlations between purchases allowing Tesco to finely tune the product range in each store. I would venture to say that Tesco is on the right track to success with its wide mix of fresh food that is highly customer oriented and very accessible. With the stores in local neighborhoods and at very user friendly cost, these neighborhood targeted stores will succeed. . References Freshandeasy. com (2008). Freshandeasy. com. Viewed at freshandeasy. com February 19, 2009. Fresh Easy Buzz. (2008, March 8). Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. freashneasybuzz. blogspot. com. Horovitz, Bruce (2007 November 08). British grocery chain hits America with fresh ideas. Retrieved February 19, 2009 from https://www. usatoday. com. Recruiting trail at Fresh Easy. 2007, July 22). Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. freshandeasy. com/blog/2007/07/recruiting-trail-at-fresh-easy. html Semuels, Alana. ( November 9, 2007). British food it’s not shoppers find fresh easy a blend of trader joe’s and Ralphs. Retrieved February 17, 2009 from http://articles. latimes. com/2007/nov/09/business/fi-tesco9 RetailChatr; Fresh Easy changing strategy. (2009, February 04). Retrieved February 17, 2009, from http://www. retailc hatr. com/2009/02/04/fresh-easy-changing-strategy How to cite Tesco Fresh and Easy, Papers

Shakespeares comedy Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares comedy Essay Shakespeares comedy The Taming of the Shrew shows the two sisters, Katherine and Bianca, as complete contrasts to eachother. He uses various techniques to achieve this effect. Many of these techniques are the same for both sisters; however their outcomes are different, therefore creating two completely different characters.  We first see some of these techniques in action in Act I scene 1 when Kate and Bianca are first introduced. Our perception of the sisters is formed by what the men say about them and to them. Baptista, Kate and Biancas father, tries to persuade Gremio and Hortensio, Biancas suitors, to woo Kate, as she has no suitors yet. Gremios first comments on Kate paint a picture of her in our minds, To cart her rather! Shes too rough for me. Already we have a bad first impression of her and it becomes worse when Hortensio insults her, No mates for you unless you were of gentler, milder mould. These nasty comments show that the men are scared of her and obviously dont think she is marriage material. Kate then says marriage is the last thing on her mind and wittily thinks of a comeback, to comb your noddle with a three-legged stool. She threatens to hit him with a piece of furniture. It is now clear in our minds that Kate is obviously the Shrew. In contrast to Kate, however, Bianca is presented as very different. When we hear how the men speak of Bianca it is in an entirely different way. Everything said about her is not only flattering but elevates her; men worship her like a goddess, the love I bear my sweat Bianca. She acts sweetly in front of her father. This is a technique that is used to carry on the theme of deception and disguise used throughout the play. When told to go inside she does, Go in, Bianca. When given instructions she obeys. When Men speak to her they are polite and courteous, madam, my instruments in tune. She is seen as the perfect woman of Elizabethan times where as Kate is seen as the woman of today, much more independent and stands up for what she believes in. But she is seen as absolutely dreadful in Elizabethan times. By the end of act I scene 1 Shakespeare has used the same techniques to present the sisters but their behaviour, language and attitude are perceived as complete contrasts. Kate is seen as a shrew. She is feared and appears depressed. Bianca is pictured as the ideal woman, worshipped and adored throughout Padua. Shakespeare brings us back to the sisters in act II scene 1. This is a crucial part in the play as it is the only scene that presents Kate and Bianca alone with no one else around. You could say this is the ideal moment for Shakespeare to show their true colours. Kate has tied up Bianca and is trying to get who she likes most out of her suitors out of her. This confirms her shrewish character with the violence and aggressiveness she shows, Minion, thou liest!. Bianca this time, however, is not the kind hearted, mild, polite woman we thought she was; she is now not being watched by men so her real character shines through. She is smug to Kate, I know my duty, and this would annoy Kate putting her in her place. Bianca talks most out of the two sisters, which is unusual for her as we have already seen she does not talk much and only when spoken to. But what is most interesting is the fact that when Baptista enters the room Bianca starts to cry and shuts up immediately. This is reinforced when Kate says, Her silence flouts me. This may mean that Kate knows the real Bianca that may not be what we first thought. We dont only see a change in Biancas character but also Kates. We believed before that Kate didnt care what anyone thought of her but now this may not be the case, What will you not suffer me? Nay, now I see she is your treasure. This shows Kate may actually have feelings under her hard strong independent exterior, as Kate is upset that Baptista favours Bianca. .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .postImageUrl , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:hover , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:visited , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:active { border:0!important; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:active , .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7 .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce335c6604b8078ba2e821d09c9fd6d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Sympathy for MacbethKate is wooed by Petruchio later in act II scene 1. Once Petruchios character is established in detail he goes off to woo Katherine the Curst. There is a verbal battle between them, Asses are made to bear, and so are you. Kates witty, raucous, sexual, aggressive side is shown here. Kate wins the battles between them but ultimately loses the war as Petruchio reveals to Kate that  her father has already agreed the dowry (sum of money) needed for their marriage. Bianca is wooed in Act III scene 1. She quickly takes charge, Ill not be tied to hours nor pointed times, and allows Lucentio and Hortensio to woo her, here sit we down. She allows this even though her father forbids it. We see a few new attributes come through in Biancas character. She appears not as obedient and also not as submissive, revealing to the audience that what we saw earlier in the play of Bianca was misleading. Farewell, sweet masters both, I must be gone, says Bianca at the end of her wooing scene. She comes across to be flirting with them, but she is not interested in either of them and is confusing them. Shakespeare uses this as a technique by way of what others think about Bianca. After Pertruchio and Kates wedding, Petruchio is beating his servant. Kate prays that Petruchio stops this violent act, Patience, I pray you. Twas a fault unwilling. This also shows a new character for Kate becoming weaker and having to beg which we have never seen before in her. Shakespeare continually switches between the two sisters which enables the audience to compare and contrast their developments as people. It is as if he is presenting them side by side. Bianca, now showing signs of deception and deviousness, is also becoming more dominant. Kate, now talks a lot less of her opinions and speaks when spoken to and is also showing signs of sympathy towards others. Now by act IV Kate appears to be tamed, I pray you, husband, be not so disquiet. The meat was well, if you were so contented. But it makes the audience wonder, is she really tamed or has she just learned how to play petruchios game? In act V Bianca and Lucentio have sneaked to get married against both their fathers wishes. At the banquet in scene 2, when Bianca joins in the conversation she is rude and also is out of tune with the high-class setting, Head and Butt!. She has obviously changed from the worshipped goddess she was to a confident woman who makes smutty puns which were not acceptable to the Elizabethan audience. The real change in the sisters characters is clearly noticed at the end of the play. The sisters are chatting with Hortensios wife. The 3 husbands; Petruchio, Lucentio and Hortensio set a wager for whose wife would come to them if called. Lucentio goes first and sends Biondello to, bid your mistress come to me. Bianca does not return with Biondello which must shock the audience as they believed she was obedient. Hortensio goes next and once again his wife does not return to him. Finally Petruchio confidently, commands, Kate to come. She returns almost immediately which blatantly shows her new character lifting the audiences opinion of her and lowering theirs of Bianca. Kate then fetches her sister after being told to by her husband. She also speaks much politer and poetically, A woman moved is like a fountain troubled. While Bianca speaks in a way that would have shocked the Elizabethan audience, The more fool you for laying on my duty. Lucentios attitude also changed due to his embarrassment, But a harsh hearing when women are forward. Shakespeare is using the same techniques in this scene as he did in the opening scene to present the two sisters, however this time Bianca is seen as the shrew whereas Kate is seen as the perfect wife. .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .postImageUrl , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:hover , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:visited , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:active { border:0!important; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:active , .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u945a0c7d8f190d116b3508bb9eaa017e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analyse sonnet 18, 130, 55 by William Shakespeare and 'Strugnells sonnet' by Wendy Cope EssayNow at the end of the play Kate is perceived as the ideal woman; she is obedient, fetching her sister, and submissive, she comes when called. Her language is also much more polite and refined which nicely complements her calmer personality. Bianca is now much more shrewish than she was at the start of the play. The deception and disguise through out the play has played a big part with Bianca as now we see her true colours. She also appears to have no conscience for what she has done. Shakespeare has used techniques like how the sisters behave, speak and react to show their characte rs but also hes used other peoples perceptions of the sisters to round up their full characters, therefore effectively presenting Katherine and Bianca.

Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. Eleventh Ed. ch. 1-8 Essay Example

Perrines Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. Eleventh Ed. ch. 1-8 Paper Analysis a breaking up into constituent parts explification literally an unfolding escape literature pure entertainment. written to pass time agreeably interpretive literature broadens deepens sharpens our awareness of life commercial fiction solely to entertain. immediate pleasure. escape world. happy end literary fiction to enlighten. intellectual pleasure. real world. unhappy end plot arrangement of actions or indecencies conflict clash of ideas protagonist cheif charector antagonist any opposing force suspense makes reader ask what will happen next mystery an unusual set of circumstances for which an explanation is craved dilemma choose between 2 undesired actions surprise creates suspense surprise ending unexpected turn or twist happy ending protagonist solves problems. defeats adversary wins unhappy ending unpleasant outcome intermediate ending no definite ending is reached artistic unity works together for central purpose plot manipulation plot has a twist that is unjustified by the previous actions rising action development of a plot that leads up to climax climax turning point in the plot falling action segment of plot that comes between climax and conclusion direct presentation author directly states what happens indirect presentation author sets it up dramatize presentation of a charactor by emotion rather than exposition flat charector only 1 or 2 dominant traits round charector many sided. 3 dimensional stock charector stereotyped, often reoccur in fiction static charector stays same developing charector changes in character, personality, or outlook. theme central idea point of view angle of vision through which a story is told omniscient 3rd person POV, author knows all, tells everything Limited omnicsient limited to complete knowledge of charector first person POV told by charector objective POV 3rd person. limits telling what character says does. Dramatic POV doesnt interpret behavior Symbol means more than what it is irony situation involving discrepancy verbal irony figure of speech is opposite whats meant dramatic irony what charector says what reader knows to be true differ situational irony appearance reality differ sentimentality unmerited tender feeling- falsification of reality editorliaize instructs reader how to think feel poetisize sways readers feelings fanstasy pictures creatures, or events beyond known reality soliliquy thinking out loud aside charector lets audience know what they really think feel instead of what is pretened dramatic conventions anything dramatic chorus group chanting in unison narrator speaks to audience. tragedy depicts downfall of protagonist comedy happy ending human limitation scornful comedy expose ridicules human folley romantic comedy people rescued- good fortune restored deus ex machina god from the machine resolution of plot by highly improbable chance farce drama- improbable situation. articulated plot hamartia greek tradgedy- criminal act committed in ignorance or for sake of greater good catharasis aristotle- emotional release at end of successful tradgedy hubris tradgic heroes downfall by excessive pride

School Violence Essay example

School Violence Essay example School Violence Essay example School Violence (Bullying) School violence has gone on for as long as schools have been open. Psychologists categorize the different types of school violence into three separate categories; verbal,physical, and retaliation. They say Verbal is the most impacting type of school bullying cause it stays with you longer and has more psychological effects on the victim. While physical shows signs,retribution is mainly a backlash of students excluding and ignoring the victim. It has become a society problem, although sometimes its not acknowledged we all know its there. It usually takes something massive to bring everyone’s attention to the problem, such as Columbine shooting. There are several instances that are not as publicized as the Columbine but they still impact the community. Such as the mother arrested for chocking her daughters bullier, or the young girl that hung herself, and even the coach that joined in on the bullying of a student. Bullying takes place more than just in school, its cyber as well and harder to stop. There was an instance in Florida where the mother of a teen girl was concerned when her daughter was slipping into depression and having suicidal thoughts because of a cyber-bully. Since the systems have not caught up to the cyber world most cases are hard to get a result from reporting it. The daughter took the steps to stop this by informing the schools resource center and the police of the incidents going on, yet they did nothing to help. With the mom concerned for her daughter she ended up loosing it when she saw her daughters tormentor in the mall. She ended up chocking the teenager and landing in jail. Her daughter was under verbal bullying, which is the highest form and longest lasting of the three bullying categories. The mother taking things into her own hands, in my opinion, wasn’t the best thing to do, but sometimes you get to where you have limited options and the primal side comes out. Most people think school violence is focused on certain types of people, such as the poor, younger and social misfits. Even though most the stories you hear are generally about the kid that wore black and stayed in the corner type, its not always true. Even the popular pretty people can be a victim as well. Such as in the case of the teenage girl that hung herself. She was a beautiful girl in the popular crowd that was described as having a lot of friends and being well liked by all. But she became the main target for other girls out lashings. They would bully her about being to pretty and to popular, they started degrading her bringing her down to the lowest levels they could get her to. She finally broke and committed suicide by hanging herself in her room, she didn’t die a slow death she died six days later while on life support. When they canvased the school for information a lot of students informed the parents and officials that in the recent proceeding months she has b een the victim of harsh bullying, including verbal, physical and retaliation bullying. Since no one truly know the reason for the targeting of this young girl, it makes it harder to find how to stop this vicious cycle. Physiologists do believe it is an learned action to bully people. Another misconception of school violence is that it is only carried out by the students, this too is not the case. Anyone can be the tormentor or the victim, such as the case of the gym teacher that joined in on the physical bullying of a teenage student. Since violence is all around a very horrible thing it doesn’t help when the teacher is implementing or encouraging it. That is what happened in a Washington school, the teacher and rest of the class were physically hurting another student during study time. They were pinning him down writing on him, putting cones on his head and stuffing socks in his mouth to muffle the screams while they were swinging him by his limbs around the room. Some students thinking it was so cool to do video taped

Communicable disease Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communicable disease - Assignment Example A chain of infections is usually made up of 6 causing factors, these are; the infectious agent which are usually the disease causing organisms, the reservoir which is the natural environment the pathogens need for their survival, the portal of exit which is the means by which the pathogens leave the reservoir which is the infected person, the means of transmission which is usually either direct or indirect i.e. physical contact, unprotected sex, the air, or parasites, the portal of entry which is either inhalation, penetration or ingestion, and finally the new host of whom the disease causing pathogens attack. Immunity is the state of having total biological defense to fight disease as well as infections. There are two main types of immunity these are adaptive immunity and innate immunity. Innate immunity is the ability of one’s body to defend itself against infections naturally and it’s a form of body defense one is born with. However, adaptive immunity that is usually subdivided into various categories is a form of immunity that one acquires after weakened disease causing pathogen is introduced into the body making the body develop adapt and develop immunity. In September 2014 onwards, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) as well as other partners have spent countless efforts in investigating reports among children in the USA that have developed sudden weakness in either one of their limbs. MRI scans reveal that children with such symptoms have an inflammation of the grey matter nerve cells that are usually in the spinal cord located in the vertebrate. This infectious disease is Acute Flaccid Myelitis. From the month of August to April this year, CDC has verified reports of more than 118 children in over 34 states including Florida and the county of Miami Dade that have developed the disease. Majority of the children are about 7 years of age and due to the disease have been hospitalized and put

Global Managerial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Managerial Economics - Essay Example This essay presents answers on several questions about the United States and it's role and impacts on global managerial economics. Firstly, the researcher aims to explain why the United States would subsidize the short run costs of production for tobacco farmers in foreign countries and how does this practice shift the equilibriums (price and output) for tobacco and domestic food items. Any form of incentive is helpful to the tobacco farmer as well as the local economy which rely on the income of these industries to generate employment. Then, the researcher presents an analysis of both the local and international effects of this issue, such as an increase in marginal and average value of employment, because the incentives/subsidies could afford wage increase and this translates into an increase of production for existing firms and the incentive for new players to start-up with positive externalities. This essay then describes the case with Acme Motors and what are the production gain s to the entire company from the facility in Nuevo Laredo specializing in Autoturbo Quattro engines. The researcher also discusses why do they just make engines in Nuevo Laredo rather than the entire auto. In addition, the researcher analyzes why would Acme Motors shift its production of engines from Detroit to Mexico and then shift the engines back to the United States and what are the gains and losses for consumers in these types of international production and trading patterns, that were described.

EU institutional law and policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

EU institutional law and policy - Essay Example 10 new countries that acceded to the European Union in 2004 (Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Cyprus), all intend to join third stage of the EMU in the next ten years, though their precise timing depends on various economic factors. Similarly, those countries who are currently negotiating for entry will also take the euro as their currency in the years following their accession. Prior to adopting the euro, a member state has to have its currency in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) for two years. Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovenia and Slovakia are the current participants in the exchange rate mechanism"(Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, en.wikipedia.org, referred on 06.05.2006)1 The main objective of the euro is to maintain price stability within the European Union, and at the same time support EU general economic policies, such as the principle of an open market economy, with free competition. "Within fiscal policy, the euro area countries must manage public finances so as to guarantee a sustainable growth, as envisaged in the EU Treaty. A Stability and Growth Pact was adopted, through which all Member States acknowledged the need of a sound fiscal policy for the smooth functioning of the EMU. The Pact comprises three legally binding elements: A resolution passed by the European Council that lays down a firm commitment of its Member States, Commission and the Council to implement the Stability and Growth Pact. A Council regulation that calls for the strengthening of the surveillance of all budgetary positions and co-ordination of economic policies. The key features of these programmes are the specification of national medium- term budgetary targets set close to balance or in surplus. This allows countries to pursue anti-cyclical fiscal policies without breaching the 3% reference value of the deficit. The Stability and Growth Pact is a Council regulation on speeding up and clarifying the implementation of the excessive deficit procedure. If there are no exceptional circumstances and the deficit is considered excessive, the Council will immediately issue a recommendation to the Member State concerned. A maximum of four months is then allowed for the country to take effective action to correct the situation. If the Council considers that the measures are not effective, the next step of the procedure will be engaged" (Stability and Growth Pact, www.bportugal.pt, referred on 06.05.2006)2 As trade between the EU Member States mounted, the member states found EMU as the natural complement of the single

Symbolism Used In Young Goodman Brown English Literature Essay

Symbolism Used In Young Goodman Brown English Literature Essay The short story Young Goodman Brown by Nathanial Hawthorne is written as an allegory and focuses on the temptation that human nature faces daily. Due to the style in which the story is written it is necessary to focus on the symbolism to try and understand the underlying meaning of the story. While reading the story the reader is able to experience different reactions and feelings due to the fact that the symbolism makes the story more relatable. The reader is then left at many times to wonder and assume the significance of each character, idea, name or object holds in the story. It seems that it is necessary to incorporate the symbolism into the story because without it the audience wouldnt have been bothered to discover what the story really represents. The beginning of the story starts out with Young Goodman Brown and his wife Faith in their home talking. He is explaining to her that he needs to go on a journey This one night must I tarry away from thee. My journey, as thou callest it, forth and back again, must needs to be done (Meyer 325) and that when he gets back they can finally enjoy their newly married life. She continuously asks him not to go prithee put off your journey until sunrise, and sleep in your own bed tonight (325), and while he considers it for a point in time, he ends up leaving anyways. She begs him to be careful and at first the reader is unaware of where he is going, but he makes it clear that he must go and that it serves some evil purpose. After Faith assures him that she will be awaiting his return, he feels more confident in his journey. By her restoring the idea that she will be waiting for him Faith shows that she symbolizes the true idea of Faith and innocence. Through the story it also seems that she symbolizes his faith in religion and staying true to his religion and resisting the urge to fall into the temptation of Evil. When she asks him to stay, and he considers it, it was symbolizing that, while he was being tempted to sin, his faith in his religion and to his innocence kept calling him back. Although he didnt want to necessarily abandon his faith, he felt he had to go on this journey now that he knew that when he came back from his journey she would be there. This is symbolizes the true idea of religion, that is that there is always a rebirth and somebody is always able to reconcile their sins once they realize what theyve done and take responsibility for their past indiscretions. A little ways into the story after Young Goodman Brown leaves Faith, he wonders into the Forest with a new appreciation for being alone. However a little ways into the forest he realizes that he might not be the only person in this forest There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree, What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow? (325). The reader may then start to think, that although Young Goodman Brown wanted to go on this journey he is now fully aware, that whatever evil purpose this journey serves, he may come face to face right with the devil and not even know it. At the next moment when he comes across the old man, he doesnt think much of this old man except that he looks like an older version of himself, but it seems clear that this old man serves some sort of purpose. When the old man asks him where he has been, he answers Faith kept me back awhile (326) symbolizing both the fact that his wife kept trying to keep him from going and also that his religious faith ke pt summoning him back telling him not to go. The reader is then constantly left wondering exactly who this man is, especially as he appears right after Young Goodman Brown makes the statement about how the devil could be right next to him, and he would have no idea. It is at this point that he begins to have some doubts about going any further on his journey and makes the reader wonder why he would be so hesitant to continue. Based on the story it seems that the old man symbolizes the devil and Young Goodman Brown was hesitant to continue his journey because he was concerned that if was to continue he may come upon the devil in a human form. It really does seem that the old man is the devil in disguise, showing how easy it is to get caught up in temptation as it human nature to surround everybody. The old man would symbolize this because nobody would expect temptation to come in the form of an old man, especially an old man that reminds a person of them. That is why it seems important that Young Goodman Brown referred to the old man as an older version of himself. For Young Goodman Brown to make a statement about the devil, so early in his journey it makes it seem as if he expected the devil to appear and he hoped that his faith would keep him safe. At one point the old man tries to persuade Goodman Brown to venture further into the forest even when he doesnt want to anymore Too far! Too far! (326) symbolizing that once youve been tempted to do something wrong, all it takes to bring yourself back is to realize it is wrong. However the old man was able to convince him to carry on. This shows that temptation has a strange way of enticing people do things they dont always want to do, because in the end they hope in the end their faith will stop them from any harm. The forest itself seems to be one if not the most important symbol because he willingly walked into the forest and could have just as easily walked out once he came upon the old man. The forest did not keep him hostage, he could have left any time, he had a way out but instead he chose to continue, symbolizing that in life nobody can make a person do something they dont want to do. Although he felt that the old man was nothing but trouble he was intrigued by the things the old man was saying and was willing to follow him, even though he knew in the back of his mind that he was abandoning his faith, both literally and figuratively. It seems that the symbolism used throughout the short story Young Goodman Brown is an important part of the story. The symbolism used helps the reader to understand the under lying meaning behind the characters and objects that Young Goodman Brown encountered. In the end it seemed to be that the resemblance between the old man and Young Goodman Brown was more than just coincidence. This comparison was used to explain the whole story that it was not the devil that caused him to make these mistakes, but Young Goodman Brown himself, and that idea symbolizes that no matter what temptation a person encounters, nobody can make a person do evil but themselves. Work Cited Meyer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature: Boston/New York: Bedford/ST. Martins. 2009. Print

Relativism vs. Christianity Essay -- Ethics Morals Values

Standards of right and wrong are the mere products of time and culture. Morality is a neutral concept - there is no such thing as an absolute right or wrong. Instead, morality is defined by what is 'good' or 'bad' in a given society, by the social norms. What held true one thousand, one hundred, or even twenty years ago may or may not hold true now. The human race has grown and continues to expand; our technology, culture, customs, and laws constantly change and evolve. Perception is reality. What one believes to be right or wrong could be completely different from what someone else believes. I believe that abortion is a much-needed aspect of society. You might disagree completely. Which position is morally correct? Everything you believe, you believe because you were taught in some way shape or form. Is it wrong to kill? "Of course", a modern American citizen would respond. Ask this to a member of the ancient Yanomamo tribe and they would not only disagree, but they would find it to be a common and accepted act among their people. Upon an Emperor’s death, Samurai would take the lives of their willing friends as a sign of honor and respect. It is hard to judge exactly what good and bad are, because their definitions change as time goes by. Morals will never stop evolving, so something that may be â€Å"good† or ethical by today’s standards, may be â€Å"evil† in the future. The greatest good is in the eye of the beholder. Relativism does not allow for the existence of an absolut...

Econ

In order the units are: 1. Analyzing and measuring the size of the economy. 2. Explaining, measuring and analyzing how prices and inflation are determined in the long-run. 3. Explaining the determination and measurement of unemployment in the long-run. 4. Analyzing and interpreting the role of financial markets (including exchange rates) in the economy. 5. Analyzing the business cycle and recommending appropriate fiscal and monetary policy. Course Description: This course will consist of on-line lectures and hands-on activities. All of the work to be handed in will take lace through Papilla.You will need to complete the readings and you need to complete them before lecture. Studies show that reading before lecture improves exam performance, on average, by 22%. This is a free lunch: you have to do the reading sometime, so by doing it earlier rather than later you will boost your grade without any extra work! Textbook: Principles of Economics for GUCCI, by N. Gregory Manama. Coinage Le arning. The Economics department has negotiated a custom bundle of the textbook, along with an Papilla, subscription for $87. 50. The Papilla obstruction includes access to the digital edition of the textbook.This is the least costly option. You should purchase a copy ahead of time, or have the bookstore ship the textbook to you (be sure to allow plenty of shipping time). Alternatively, you can purchase a stand alone access to Papilla (which includes the e-book version of the textbook) for $134 for one quarter of access and $149 for two quarters of access. The course web page will provide detailed instructions on how to access the course Papilla site. You need to have access to Papilla by the start of the course. If you don't purchase a copy from the bookstore you will have to purchase the more expensive stand alone access to Papilla.Communication in an Online Class Almost all communication will take place through the forums on the class website. There is a forum set up for general questions. You will also be assigned a TA. Questions that are not appropriate for the general forum should be directed first to the TA. If it is a question that can only be answered by the professor, then the TA will forward your message along. Office hours are by appointment. There are many dents enrolled in this course, so it may take 1-2 business days to receive a reply. The class is located at http://summer. Learn. Gucci. Du.The GAP is a set of voluntary multiple choice questions (90 in total each week with a Sunday at 1 1 :45 p. M. Deadline) that you can work through in Papilla to earn up to 450 points that are added to your total points used to compute your letter grade. There is no penalty for not participating: every question that you answer correctly will earn you an additional point. The GAP questions are open-book. Therefore, with the GAP oh can insure yourself against a lower than expected grade on the midterm and final exam by completing additional work.The GAP is a gre at opportunity to earn the letter grade that you hope to achieve! Example of GAP: To see how the GAP might work for you consider the following hypothetical scenario. A student received 630 Assignment points (90%), 400 Midterm points (80%), 700 Final points (70%) and 280 Participation points (93%). Without doing any of the GAP work, this student would receive a total score of 2010 (80%) which would translate to a letter grade of B. Now suppose that this student correctly answered 50 GAP questions each week in Papilla.Then the GAP would increase the total score by 250 points, bringing the total to 2260 or a letter grade of A-. The GAP program allows you to put in as much work as you want, through studying hard for the exams or working through the GAP assignments, to earn the grade you deserve. Page 2 of 5 A Remark on Academic Honesty: It is the university policy that academic dishonesty is unacceptable and will not be tolerated at the University of California, Irvine. Here is hat I ex pect: ; All exams are closed note/closed book exams. With the exception of assignments, you may not receive or elicit assistance from another person or student. ; I define cheating as using the aid of notes, books, other students, or any programs in a calculator. Code of Conduct All participants in the course are bound by the University of California Code of Conduct, found at http://www. Cop. Du/chophouse/accorder/subspecies/ass/ chuck. HTML. Students with Disabilities: If you need support or assistance because of a disability, you may be eligible for accommodations or services through the Disability Services Center at US Irvine.For more information, contact this office at (949) 824-7494 (voice), (949) 824-6272 (TTY), at www. Disability. Gucci. Du or stop by the center at Building 313 on the US Irvine map. A Remark about Electronic Communications: This course has a number of â€Å"social media† outlets to increase interaction. I may choose to not answer some of your questions . Some questions may require you to see me in person. Since all communication in this course will be written it is important to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of on-line communication.The advantages are that you have more opportunity for careful and thoughtful expression. The disadvantages are that it misses more subtle communication cues such as body language and tone. Please be aware that there is always the possibility of miscommunication and compose your comments in a positive, supportive and constructive manner. Course Schedule (tentative): Date 7/28 Issue Introduction to Class Course Orientation Become familiar with the course website and Papilla. Measuring and analyzing the size of the economy (caps. 23- 25) 2 8/04 3 8/11 Econ Two main vulnerabilities of the diamond industry: price of diamond linked to supply and value diamond linked to belief that they are rare and therefore special, and thus suitable token of sentiment. Dabbers exercised monopoly power by effectively controlling production and distribution of diamonds, thus controlling supply and ability to control pricing. When the market started to shift as other sources of diamonds were discovered, Dabbers still held an advantaged position as they had sole control of the distributors, which gave them the power and Influence to broker a deal with these emerging suppliers.This combined with a large and successful marketing campaign Increased sentimental value and perception of scarcity, which Increased consumer's willingness to pay the prices, set by the cartel. The perception of scarcity ultimately made demand Inelastic, and allowed for Dabbers to set an optimal linear price. While price discrimination is often seen as the best way to increase consumer surplus and minimize dead weight loss, in Dabbers case, as is the case with many luxury goods, its high price signals its value to the consumer, and the consumer can then signal their status to others when the wear he product.The difficulty of diamond mining lent itself to a spirit of cooperation out of necessity. It is not an undertaking that could be done successfully on a small scale, and it was impossible to know for certain which land claim was â€Å"lucky' and would produce a good output. This, in addition to problematic mining conditions over time, lead to the cooperative partnerships between the miners. This laid the groundwork for the formation of the Dabbers cartel. The idea of collusion between the suppliers to form a monopoly was perceived as a rare opportunity to exercise market control over apply and price.A better resolution for the dispute with the Israeli dealers might have been to attempt to address the issue influencing their actions (worries about financial sec urity during an economic depression) by offering support O. E. Stock options) rather than pointed threats, they could have avoided the damage done to the diamond market, as well as relations with other members of the cartel. While the actions they took did showcase the cartels authority, and signal to those In the cartel that defection would not be tolerated, It also exposed the fallibility of the cartel, and ultimately signaled the beginning of the end the diamond monopoly.The Soviets had the leverage to take down the cartel In Its entirety, as they provided the largest supply of the highest quality diamonds, and had the means to produce and distribute at a competitive price. When the cold war ended and the state no longer held sole control of the Soviet diamond industry, as well as a Canada monopoly had passed for the cartel. No longer able to control the market, Dabbers reorganized itself into an efficient and highly competitive vertically integrated model.

Free Essays on Linux Vs. Windows

Linux is a free operating system that was developed on the Internet. It was created by Linus Torvalds at first, who then put its source code on his web page. Since then, many â€Å"hackers† and software programmers have further developed it. It is now a Unix-like operating system that serves as a free alternative not only to Unix, but to Windows as well. One important feature that is not available for other operating systems is the ability to run Linux with other operating systems like MacOS, DOS, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows ME, Windows XP, Novell, and OS/2 on the same computer. Unlike Windows, Linux is a capable of running on a large variety of computer systems, one of them being Intel Based PCs, which is what most home users prefer. Windows can only run on Intel Based PCs. Linux has the capability of running on the Digital Alpha systems so it can reach the advanced users in the bigger companies. Another computer system that can be run with Linux is the Macintosh Power PC, which is generally used by graphical designers, press companies and advertising companies. The others are Sun Sparc, Sun Ultra, Amiga, and the 3Com Palm Pilot (personal digital assistant. It is almost impossible to write a virus for Linux because it must be 30-40 Megabytes, to go along with its firewall system that protects the network from hackers and software pirates. Linux is a stable operating system that never fails like the different versions of Windows. In Linux, there are not annoying limitations like Windows 98, where an error message appears on the screen that says you must shutdown your computer. You can kill a process that is not replying with a convenient â€Å"kill command.† Linux has very good multitasking capabilities unlike Windows. You can run up to twelve processes in the same time without any performance loss. Microsoft claims that Windows has the capability of multitasking but you cannot run two processes at t... Free Essays on Linux Vs. Windows Free Essays on Linux Vs. Windows Linux is a free operating system that was developed on the Internet. It was created by Linus Torvalds at first, who then put its source code on his web page. Since then, many â€Å"hackers† and software programmers have further developed it. It is now a Unix-like operating system that serves as a free alternative not only to Unix, but to Windows as well. One important feature that is not available for other operating systems is the ability to run Linux with other operating systems like MacOS, DOS, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows ME, Windows XP, Novell, and OS/2 on the same computer. Unlike Windows, Linux is a capable of running on a large variety of computer systems, one of them being Intel Based PCs, which is what most home users prefer. Windows can only run on Intel Based PCs. Linux has the capability of running on the Digital Alpha systems so it can reach the advanced users in the bigger companies. Another computer system that can be run with Linux is the Macintosh Power PC, which is generally used by graphical designers, press companies and advertising companies. The others are Sun Sparc, Sun Ultra, Amiga, and the 3Com Palm Pilot (personal digital assistant. It is almost impossible to write a virus for Linux because it must be 30-40 Megabytes, to go along with its firewall system that protects the network from hackers and software pirates. Linux is a stable operating system that never fails like the different versions of Windows. In Linux, there are not annoying limitations like Windows 98, where an error message appears on the screen that says you must shutdown your computer. You can kill a process that is not replying with a convenient â€Å"kill command.† Linux has very good multitasking capabilities unlike Windows. You can run up to twelve processes in the same time without any performance loss. Microsoft claims that Windows has the capability of multitasking but you cannot run two processes at t...

AFFECTS OF SUPERHEROES TO CHIL essays

AFFECTS OF SUPERHEROES TO CHIL essays Since the publishing date of the first illustrated books, the hero characters have taken their places in the daily life of the people. In fact, many hero characters had existed for centuries through the history. They had been living in tales and epic stories and being spread by the word of mouth between people but they were not as effective as the visual ones. Especially after the rapid increases in the film technology, the film industry started to create new superheroes. After a while, film makers became aware of the profitability of series films for the superheroes. Many of the films of specific superheroes are produced by a sequential name. The best examples for these type of films are superman or the Indiana Jones series. There are sequential names like superman I, II, III and so on. Addition to these films, the strength of the image of the superheroes are supported by some items that help these heroes to be more familiar by the public. These items have a broad spectrum of types from signed photos to coffee cups and from balloons to t-shirts with a picture of hero printed on. These promotion facilities have reached to their peak point by the advertising campaigns with these superheroes. Hollywood became one of the biggest production place for these heroes since the early years of the American film industry and its effects are still on the whole film industry. At the beginning. These heroes , they are either cartoon characters or a film character from TV or cinema, used to give messages to direct people to good behaviors and they were good nominees to be presented as a sample of right personality. A good example for this trend can be found in the life story of Arnold Schwarzenneger who is the founder and the actor of terminator series. At the days of the early superheroes, when Arnold applied to Hollywood producers for its terminator film projects, he was refused by thoughts that his films will not be successful but t...

Is abortion illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is abortion illegal - Essay Example In spite of the fact of morality, a woman has the right to privacy and choice to abort her fetus. The populaces that hold a "pro-life" approach argue that a woman who has an abortion is killing a child. The "pro-choice" viewpoint holds this is not the case. A fetus is not up till now a baby. It does not have the criteria consequent from the understanding of living human beings. "Nations around the world have adopted laws that protect women's right to choose abortion."1 "Life and Liberty for Women is not afraid or ashamed to speak of and defend a woman's right to have an abortion through the second trimester of pregnancy."2 "Abortion is every woman's right"3 "The Central Issue in the abortion debate is the humanity of the fetus. No other consideration is decisive. Indeed the opponents of abortion rest their entire case on a single argument: If the fetus is a human being, then abortion is murder."4 The statement "Abortion is every woman's right" is significant to the study since Abortion is a right, and all rights are utter so cannot be "balanced" away. Therefore, a pregnant woman, like all other persons, has the right to find out her own fate and the fate of her body, to decide what comprises her own best concern and private happiness and to work for its achievement, so long as she respects the same rights in others. "Supreme Court nominee Harriet Miers pledged support in 1989 for a constitutional amendment banni

Concert Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Concert Report - Assignment Example The other being a concert of eccentric performances in a place by the name of Jamming & Apos,: Java in Vienna. Both of the genres of music were new to me but I had an open mind to the experiences. To deeply understand and enjoy music, we must learn to appreciate other genres as well, since music is intertwined. For this music report, I would like to particularly focus on the musical pieces that intrigued me, and the overall experience (Medearis 134). The classical concert involved a sophisticated performance from a number of instruments, which represented different types of music. The atmosphere of the concert was very intense, probably since the concert was housed in a performance hall that could be approximately to the size of a living room, with the capacity to house a maximum seating of approximately 80 people. The chamber performances had two separate parts, having an intermission of approximately 15 minutes apart. There was a group of artists who sat in a uniform manner by the size of the instruments. This group was known as the Washington Symphony. In addition to this, there was an orchestra that was mainly formed by a group of older individuals, wearing black outfits. The beginning of the concert was colorful and rich as two pieces, by the violin and the cello were featured. The two pieces presented an aspect of magnificent darkness since the steady tempo and continuo bass was maintained in the whole piece. The cello, which was more pronounced, gave most of the melodies. At the time the harmonies seemed very piercing to my ear. For an individual with limited knowledge in musical melodies and harmonies, the unusual combination would have been difficult to digest. I personally interpreted the melodies to be carriers of emotion, which was intercepted with sudden burst of anger from the bass which made the piece exciting. There was also a piece that sounded like a love song, it was slow and smooth. I found

English 251 (World Literature) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English 251 (World Literature) - Essay Example The Bible itself is an exemplary of mixed culture as we have the Hebrew Bible, Christian Bible. The Gilgamesh is not a discourse on religion but it there are theological elements in the book. It is really difficult to trace the real origin of all the religious dictums. The three books are similar in certain spheres and differs in a many a grounds with the basic similarity of punishment. Early Muslims perceived that the Quran and the forerunner biblical texts and figures. Intertextuality is evident of the fact that each culture owes something to the other. The cross cultural influence is definitely responsible for these similarities. The cross cultural studies are a branch of literary or cultural studies dealing with the writings and the scriptures by the authors associated with more than one culture. The Great Flood in the three books brings out the issue of cross cultural influence. The Great Flood is mentioned in the religious books of the Bible, the Quran and the Gilgamesh. The basic ground of all theologies is the Almighty and is related to sin, retribution and redemption. The books also bear the message that God’s warnings should not be ignored and the judgment of the God should be done in the form of destruction to purge the world of sins. In other words, the books depict to show that the wages of sins are punishment, death and destruction. In Bible the story of the flood appears in Genesis (6:9-8:22).There are three motifs shown for this flood. It aims to show God as the judge of the whole world. He is the entity who has the supreme authority to distinguish between right and wrong. The second motif intends to say that God has made provisions for the recipients of His grace. To be explicit to receive the grace of God one must follow the path of righteousness. The third is significant for Israel. Through the flood the God judged the wicked Egyptians and brought them to the Red Sea to lie in humble

Moolaadé Story Essay Example for Free

Moolaadà © Story Essay Seven years ago, a woman and a mother refused to subject her only daughter to be under the atrocious practice of female circumcision. Moolaadà © is the story of this woman, Collà © Ardo, a seditious and strong-minded second wife of Cirà © in a small secluded African village who single-handedly refused to allow five girls to suffer through the customary Salindà © ceremony. She was in opposition with the practice of genital mutilation due to her personal experiences and she didn’t want others to suffer like her. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Moolaadà © enraged the Salindana, who were the women who performed â€Å"purification† ritual and the male elders who viewed her actions as threats to their values. As a sign of dominance, the men confiscated the women’s radios, which devastated the women because it was their source to news and music outside of their isolated lives. When the five girls escaped the Salindà © ceremony and came to Collà ©, she willingly offered them Moolaadà ©, or protection. Collà © was scarred after losing two children during childbirth due to her own genital mutilation. She remembers the pain she had to go through and the nurse had to open her up to deliver her only surviving daughter, Amasatou. Collà © remained firm that she would never let Amasatou to endure the agony of being cut. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s interference with the old tradition caused outrage in the dominating patriarchal society who viewed her actions as disrespect to tradition and Islamic religion. The male elders took away the women’s radios because they didn’t want women being influenced by radical ideas. Collà © was intensely pressured by the Salindana and the male elders, including her husband to lift the Moolaadà ©. Her refusal forced her husband to whip her publically but she never once uttered the word. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s actions reflected her bravery and determination which â€Å"mobilized† the other women in the village to support Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s intentions and realize the horrid effects of purification. She was an intelligent woman who encouraged the other women to realize that the men were oppressing them from the truth by taking away their radios, so the women wouldn’t ponder over unreasonable ideas. Collà © supported her deep-rooted opposition to genital mutilation with evidence that contradicted the men’s inaccurate dictations. While, listening to the radio Collà © had learned that Islam didn’t tolerate female genital mutilation because thousands of Muslim women would go to Mecca for pilgrimage and they weren’t cut, which shocked many of the male elders who still appeared to be ignorant. Through this, the women in the village united together and bonded through the pain each of them suffered through their genital mutilations. There is a sense of relief and happiness that reflect off these women in the end when they burned the knives used to bring suffering to generations of women who feel under the dreadful practice. As Collà © and the village women in their struggles end the practice of female genital cutting, they began their own feminism movement revolutionizing their purpose in society. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Collà © and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of human rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female genital cutting, they are essential and Mooladà © shows us why. caused a sudden awareness among the other oppressed women in the village when her husband whipped her publically but she never once uttered the word. Allegedly eradication Unlike many recent Hollywood made films about Africa, Mooladà © is a story about Africa made by Africans from a distinctly local perspective. Yet, it speaks to universal themes of power, oppression and emancipation. In depicting one woman’s struggle to protect others from an oppressive and inhibiting tradition, Sembene brings great sensitivity and nuance to topic that is often discussed from simplistic, patronizing and polarizing standpoints. He deftly explores not only the conflict between local traditional values and the influence of modern ideas, but also the gender and generational tensions within a community largely isolated from the outside world. Although the film obviously seeks to challenge the practice of female genital cutting and raise questions about its legitimacy, it does so with sensitivity to underlying social complexities. It provides a glimpse into the perspective of local African tribesmen who see the practice of female genital cutting as process of â€Å"purification† and older women who see it as a necessary rite of passage for their daughters. However disagreeable their positions may appear, Sembene brings their voices to the story in a way that is neither condescending nor patronizing. Beyond its message, Mooladà © is a cinematic delight. Sembene assembles a group of colourful characters that add depth to his portrayal of rural African life and make for a more compelling storyline. Although this film is essentially about the local tribulations of an African village, it still mange to engage the outside world through two intriguing characters a local itinerant vendor, nicknamed Mercenaire who previously worked as an aid worker, and a favoured son of the village Chief, Ibrahima, who returns home from his studies in France to take a bride. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Collà © and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of human rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female genital cut ting, they are essential and Mooladà © shows us why. Ultimately, this movie is not simply about oppression and social turmoil or about progressive citizens and regressive traditions. It is more about the resilience of the human spirit and the tenacity of ordinary people determined to change their destinies. It is an excursion into the dilemmas that confront a society caught in the midst of social and cultural change. For the human rights scholar and teacher, it provides a subtle but invaluable resource for raising awareness about the practice of female genital cutting and offers a means of understanding and explaining a controversial topic to an audience unfamiliar with the social and cultural intricacies associated with the practice. Set in a remote Muslim village in Burkina Faso, Mooladà © is the story of Collà ©, a defiant and strong-willed second wife of an elder in a West African village who refuses to allow four little girls to undergo the traditional circumcision ceremony. After losing two daughters in childbirth due to her own circumcision, Collà © had refused to allow her surviving daughter, Amasatou, to face the ordeal of being cut. Colles moolaadà © stirs the anger of the Salidana, a group of women dressed in red gowns who perform the mutilation. She is also forced to stand up to the intimidation of her husband and his brother and the male elders in the village who see her as a threat to their values. As a gesture of control, the men confiscate the womens radios, their main source of news of outside life. Rigidly defending their traditions and what they questionably see as a practice sanctioned by Islam, they also turn against an itinerant merchant they call Mercenaire (Dominique Zeida) who comes to the aid of Colle in a shocking scene of public flogging. As the issue becomes crystallized, many women rally to Colles support whose courage in the face of determined opposition is of heroic proportions. She is thrust into an unfolding drama of village politics when she offers Mooladà © (protection) to the girls who escape the circumcision ceremony. Mooladà © is the mystical protection which in the local custom can be invoked to provide place of safety. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s interference draws the fury of her deeply patriarchal community which sees her action as an affront on its culture and Islamic religion. Collà © can lift the Mooladà © with a single word and comes under the intense pressure of the male elders, her husband and some fellow women to do so. Her resolute refusal to lift the Mooladà © draws other women and girls to her cause and sets the stage for a standoff with the village elders that erupts in the centre of the village and shatters the tranquility of the community. Unlike many recent Hollywood made films about Africa, Mooladà © is a story about Africa made by Africans from a distinctly local perspective. Yet, it speaks to universal themes of power, oppression and emancipation. In depicting one woman’s struggle to protect others from an oppressive and inhibiting tradition, Sembene brings great sensitivity and nuance to topic that is often discussed from simplistic, patronizing and polarizing standpoints. He deftly explores not only the conflict between local traditional values and the influence of modern ideas, but also the gender and generational tensions within a community largely isolated from the outside world. Although the film obviously seeks to challenge the practice of female genital cutting and raise questions about its legitimacy, it does so with sensitivity to underlying social complexities. It provides a glimpse into the perspective of local African tribesmen who see the practice of female genital cutting as process of â€Å"purification† and older women who see it as a necessary rite of passage for their daughters. However disagreeable their positions may appear, Sembene brings their voices to the story in a way that is neither condescending nor patronizing. Beyond its message, Mooladà © is a cinematic delight. Sembene assembles a group of colourful characters that add depth to his portrayal of rural African life and make for a more compelling storyline. Although this film is essentially about the local tribulations of an African village, it still mange to engage the outside world through two intriguing characters a local itinerant vendor, nicknamed Mercenaire who previously worked as an aid worker, and a favoured son of the village Chief, Ibrahima, who returns home from his studies in France to take a bride. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Collà © and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of human rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female genital cut ting, they are essential and Mooladà © shows us why. Ultimately, this movie is not simply about oppression and social turmoil or about progressive citizens and regressive traditions. It is more about the resilience of the human spirit and the tenacity of ordinary people determined to change their destinies. It is an excursion into the dilemmas that confront a society caught in the midst of social and cultural change. For the human rights scholar and teacher, it provides a subtle but invaluable resource for raising awareness about the practice of female genital cutting and offers a means of understanding and explaining a controversial topic to an audience unfamiliar with the social and cultural intricacies associated with the practice. Set in a remote Muslim village in Burkina Faso, Mooladà © is the story of Collà ©, a defiant and strong-willed second wife of an elder in a West African village who refuses to allow four little girls to undergo the traditional circumcision ceremony. After losing two daughters in childbirth due to her own circumcision, Collà © had refused to allow her surviving daughter, Amasatou, to face the ordeal of being cut.

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to increase disposal of heavy metals and radionuclide into the environment. Heavy metals contamination problem increase rapidly is due to the increasing of the industrialization. The key property of heavy metal is the non-biodegradable properties of the heavy metal ions. As metal ion persistent in nature it will remain in the environment and poses environmental-disposal problems (Leità £o, 2009). Among the pollution of water sources, contaminations of heavy metal ions in water are the problem that reaching a dangerous level (Regine and Volesky, 2000). The main sources of heavy metal ions contamination include the urban industrial aerosols, solid wastes from animals, mining activities, industrial and also agricultural activities (KarnikaAlluri et al,. 2007). Heavy metal is defined as element with high weight, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Heavy metal ions of concern include chromium, lead, mercury, silver, gold, zinc, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, uranium, selenium and mercury (Ahalya et al, 2003). Heavy metal ions can enter a water sources by industrial and consumer waste, or even from acidic rain breaking down soils and releasing heavy metals into streams, lakes, rivers, and groundwater (Lenntech, 2009). These heavy metals have high toxicity and impact as they can cause human major health problem (Leità £o, 2009). Heavy metal ions are dangerous because it tend to bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation defines as an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemicals concentration in the environment. Compounds accumulate in living things any time they are taken up and stored faster than they are broken down (metabolized) or excreted (Lenntech, 2009). This is because these heavy metals can be carried into food web as a result of leaching from water dumps or other polluted water sources. These metals then will increase the metals concentration at every level of food chain and cause affect human health (Paknikar et al, 2003). Even at low concentration, heavy metals can also causing human health problem. It can cause toxicity to humans and other forms of life. 1.1 Aquatic and water sources pollutants One of the main causes of aqueous heavy metal pollution is the release of the heavy metal ion containing industrial waste into water sources. This usually as a direct result of inefficiency treatment of the heavy metal removal processes. Occurrence of aquatic pollutants (such as heavy metals) has been correlated to alterations in the fish immune system and the incidence of infectious diseases. Water bodies are being overwhelmed with pollutant and waste matter such as heavy metal. Among all the toxic substances reaching hazardous levels are heavy metals (Regine and Volesky, 2000). Even very low level of certain heavy metals can have profound effects upon the structure or even the functions of the immune system that could be almost as harmful as direct toxic doses (Saxena et al, 2009). The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. Cadmium compounds are the by-product that used in re-chargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium will accumulate in living organisms and can cause several health problems in humans (Benguella and Benaissa, 2002). Cadmium emissions have increase dramatically during the 20th century, one reason being that cadmium-containing products are rarely re-cycled, but often dumped together with household waste. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce cadmium exposure in the general population in order to minimize the risk of adverse health effects. The other metal ion that should be concern is copper. Unlike cadmium, copper is not toxic as cadmium, however extensive of copper used in industry and increasing the copper levels in the environment was a reason for concern. Besides, the general population is primarily exposed to mercury through food, fish being a major source of methyl mercury exposure because of the major food source. The adverse effects of heavy metals on human health show in Table 1.0 (Hima et al., 2007). The best accepted option is to avoid the possibility of polluting the water sources. Thus, the treatments of heavy metals contaminated water become more important issues in this endeavour. To avoid health hazards is essential to remove all these toxic heavy metals from wastewater before its disposal. Table 1.0: Types of heavy metals and their effect on human health. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.2 Method for heavy metal removal Recently, the efficient method of removal heavy metals has become important and concern for industry (Malik, 2004). They are various industrial processes for elimination of heavy metals. These industrial wastewater treatments is due to the process of chemical precipitation, membrane technologies, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatment, ion exchange, evaporation recovery and also chemical oxidation-reduction (Leità £o, 2009). Physiochemical processes also use in heavy metals removal of water sources before the influents into natural water system (Nars and Garima, 2004). However, all this methods have a major disadvantage which is difficult to handle and expensive processes. Besides, these methods frequently result in the release of toxic products and thus cause of secondary sources of environmental pollution problem (Leità £o, 2009). Most of the physiochemical process become less effective and more expensive when he metal concentration are in range of 1 to 10 0 mg/L (Nars and Garima, 2004). Another major problem is the ability for removal of heavy metals in low concentrations and is inefficiency. It also produces other waste products that require careful disposal (Ahalya et al., 2003). Thus, a need for a cost effective alternative technologies are important. In this case, microbial biomass has the high efficiency and option for developing an economic and eco-friendly waste water treatment process. Bioremediation can be defined as a biological process or treatment that used to clean up of hazardous chemicals. Bioremediation processes involve the use of microorganisms or even enzyme to return the environment back to its original condition. In recent years, rapid urbanization and industrialization has led the increase of heavy metals into environment. Hence, due to the environmental protection and economical constrain the need of bioremediation in removing and recycling of metal ions from industrial wastewater become more important. Bioremediation can be an effective method that can alter the ecosystem pollution. There are certain main advantages to bioremediation, in which other process cannot be reach easily. One simple case that can be view is the contamination of gasoline in underground water. By injection of the right microorganism, it may reduce the pollution concentrations after a period of time. The bioremediation is less expensive compared to other chemical cleaning processes. In recent years, certain new method was discovered in removing heavy metals from the water sources. It was found that fungus biomass would be an effective method in removing heavy metal ions in wastewater. This is because the ability of fungi in absorbing metal ions would be more efficiency when it grow some condition or reach certain situation. Certain condition or pre-treatment can be use on to the fungal biomass to increase the efficiency in order to speed up the bioremediation process. In other words, the biosorption procedure are said to be easy to handle, safer, rapid process, and inexpensive for the pretreatment and trace metals separation in aqueous solutions (Say, 2003). However, many of these methods are ineffective. This resulting in low levels of heavy metal ion removal and can also be economically inefficiency (Ghimire et al., 2003). Figure 1.0: Schematic representation of biosorption procedure. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.3 Biomass of Fungus To overcome the entire metal ion pollution problem, all the removal of heavy metals from waste water must be highly effective. Thus the use of biomass was selected. The biomass has several advantages as heavy metal ion adsorbent over the commonly method and more efficient adsorbents and is a renewable source (Ghimire et al., 2002). Biomass often as the waste product from the industry processes. It is cheap and easily available product. Thus, according to the industrial perspective, heavy metal removal systems that are renewable and inexpensive are highly preferred by industry and achieve the environmental perspective. A filamentous fungus is a member of large group of eukaryotic organisms which are variable in form, behavior and life cycle patterns that are classified as a kingdom that is separated from plants, animals and bacteria (Geeta Sumbali, 2005). There is the possibility that fungus has the ability to remove heavy metal ions to meet the discharge standards required by federal regulations. Fungi can remove heavy metals and radio nuclides from the aqueous solution. Fungi can accumulate heavy metal and radionuclide species by physico-chemical and biological mechanisms. These methods include extracellular binding by metabolites and biopolymers, binding to specific polypeptides and metabolism-dependent accumulation (Tobin, 1994). The transfer of metals from environment into the cell maybe accomplished by active transport associated with metabolic activities, but it is also a passive process metal uptake by the cell across the cell wall. The cell-wall fraction of biomass plays an important role in the sorption of heavy metals. The potential of fungal biomass as biosorbent has been recognized for the removal of heavy metals from polluted water sources. Due to the negative charge from the different functional group, fungal cell walls can act as a cation exchanger (Fomina, 2007). The examples are phosphate, carboxylic, sulfhydryl or amine that was found in different wall compo nents such as hemicelluloses, pectin and lignin (Fomina, 2007). The reason that makes fungi biosorption become attractive is due to the possibility of obtaining large quantities of product without causing disposal problem and low cost. One example is the Rhizopus arrhizus, which are common for industrial exploitation due to its strong metal-sorbent properties. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The cell wall of fungi typically containing long chain of chitin polymer, cellulose or contain both chitin and cellulose. Fungi cell walls are rich in glycoproteins and polysaccharides, for example the glucans, chitin, mannans and phospho-mannans. The chemical structure of a part of cell wall fungi was show in figure 1.0. Chitin polymers layer provide the abundant sources of metal ion binding ligands. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The main chemical groups in a biomass which are able to uptake metal ions are the electronegative groups such as hydroxyl, sulfhydryl groups and amino groups. This is the main factor that causes the fungi biomasses have the ability to accumulate metal ion. The level of heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species was show in table 1.1. Figure 1.1: Schematic diagram representation of the outer cell layer of fungi. (Leità £o, 2009) Figure 1.2: Chemical structure for a part of chitin polymer. (Boya Volesky, 1999) Table 1.1: Heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species. (Narsi and Garima, 2005) 1.4 Objective of this thesis The main objective of this review is to present report of investigations related to the ability of fungal species as a suitable model organism to use in the process of eliminating heavy metal ions from contaminated water sources. In this review the removal of heavy metal ions such chromium, cadmium and copper from synthetic wastewater by a fungus biomass is presented. The design of an effective bioreactor for the removal of copper in aqueous solution is presented. The reactor was based on an aqueous system containing metal ions in solution. These reviews also include a report on the investigation of the effect that would affect the efficiency of fungal biomass in absorption metal ions. A study of factors that affect the efficiency of fungal biomass will provide a good industrial reference for the use of fungus in the removal of metal ion as a mean of protecting the environment from heavy metal pollution.